Most countries with developed agriculture are applying biological fertilizers in the process of plant care. However, the number of types of biological fertilizerson the marketlittle leftand not yet diversebecause it has not been studied much. They only account for a small portion of the amount of chemical fertilizers. Depending on the purpose of use for each type of crop, we choose the appropriate type of fertilizer. Currently, there are several types of microbial fertilizers such as: nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution or growth stimulation.Nitrogen fixing microbial fertilizeris one of the types of biological fertilizers that are widely used today. They contain beneficial microorganisms that help plants absorb nutrients.Microbial product Duc Binhshare:What is nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer? Classification, uses & How to use effectively.

1. What is nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer?

Nitrogen fixing microbial fertilizeris a type of fertilizer containing one or more types of microorganisms that fix nitrogen from the air. Many people do not know that Nitrogen is a basic nutritional component that maintains the life of all cells.is a constituent of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll.In both animals and plants, they play an indispensable role.

Should read:What is organic fertilizer? How to make effective organic fertilizer for plants at home

In soil for growing plants, Nitrogen contentusuallyvery little. Natural nitrogen reserves exist in abundance in the air (accounting for about 78.16%). However, they areexists in the form of inactive N2 gas and cannot be used by plants. Plants that want to use this source of nutrients need the support of microorganisms. They act as “factories” that turn N2 into easily absorbed compounds such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-).

Nitrogen fixing microorganisms

Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are important components in nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizers

2. Classification of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and mechanism of action

Three fairly common groups of bacteria are known to fix nitrogen to help plants:

2.1 Nodule bacteria (Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium)

These nodule bacteria do not form spores. They are mainly bacteria belonging to the groupRhizobiumlive symbiotically in the roots of legumes. Their characteristic is that they can assimilate many different carbon sources. Nodule bacteria in nature are symbiotic microorganisms.establish a mutually beneficial two-way relationship.Root and leaf nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Here, they will carry out the process of converting nitrogen in the air into ammonia(NH3) catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase.They will then provide organic compounds such as ureide and glutamine to the plant. In contrast, plants will provide organic compounds,mainly carbohydrates (sugars), for bacteria to grow from photosynthesis. This is a mutually supportive and sustainable relationship between nodule bacteria and the host plant.

Nodule bacteria

Nodule bacteria

In nature, there are still some plants other than legumes that have nitrogen-fixing nodules.such as Casuarina tree. However, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria strains for these plants do not belong to the Rhizobium group but to the Actinomycetes group (such as Frankia). This shows biodiversity in symbiotic nitrogen fixation mechanisms.

2.2 Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Non-symbiotic)

These bacteria live mainly in plants of the grass family and in the root zone of rice.They function independently in the soil without forming nodules. Some common strains include Cyanobacteria (cyanobacteria) and Azotobacter.They also help plants grow well and limit the loss of chemical nitrogen.

2.3 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter

Among the three types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Azotobacter bacteria are being researched and applied the most when producing biofertilizers. The reason is that this type of bacteria has a number of effects that are superior to the above two types. In addition to their main ability to fix nitrogen, they also help produce plant growth stimulants(like Auxin, Gibberellin)and stimulates germination.Furthermore, Azotobacter has the ability to produce natural antibiotics, helping to inhibit the growth of some harmful pathogens in the soil, contributing to protecting plant roots.

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

3. Apply science and technology to research nitrogen fixation ability

Knowing the effects of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, researchers used genetic technology to create additional strains of these microorganisms. These strains have many good characteristics such as: high nitrogen fixation ability, good symbiotic ability. In addition, biotechnology also helps create microorganisms that are highly competitive with existing microorganisms in the soil.ensure effectiveness when the strain is introduced into the natural environment.

On the other hand, scientists have isolated a gene with nitrogen fixation properties (genenif) from bacteria and inoculated into plant cell nuclei. Thisopens up possibilitieshelps those plants also have the ability to fix nitrogen like bacteria,promises to significantly reduce the need to use chemical nitrogen fertilizers in the future.

4. Effects when using nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer

From nitrogen-fixing microorganisms will be producednitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer. Using this product will have the following effects:

  • Fixes nitrogen in the air and converts it into nitrogen-containing compounds for soil and plants. The purpose is to supplement the natural protein content of the plant’s roots.
  • When used in combination with fertilizer, it will help plants grow faster, have better green leaves,increase productivity and quality of agricultural products.
  • Reduce costs by 30% – 50% compared to using chemical nitrogen fertilizers.
  • Reduces pest rates by 25% – 50% compared to using traditional fertilizersbecause the plant has enhanced natural resistance.
  • Supports increased resistance to pests and harsh weather for plants.
  • Improves soil quality, helps balance organic nutrients in the soil,increase porosity.
  • Using this product is very environmentally friendly, safe for human and pet health.
  • You can fertilize plants directly until harvest and do not need to be quarantined.
Nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer has the effect of fixing nitrogen

Nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer has the effect of fixing nitrogen in the air into nitrogen fertilizer for plants to absorb

5. Some limitations when using nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizers

Before usenitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizerIt is necessary to consider the limitations of this type:

  • Strain stability: Normally, good nitrogen-fixing fertilizers must come from microorganisms with high nitrogen fixation intensity, great competitiveness and adaptability to a wide pH range.
  • Quality is difficult to guarantee: The quality of this fertilizer is difficult to ensure because its live microbial content is unstable over storage time.
  • Environmental factors: Factors that affect the living activities of microorganisms in feces also affect the effectiveness of use. Biofertilizer is a living material, so it needs to be properly preserved. Should not be stored in places with temperatures higher than $30^oC$ or places with direct sunlight. Under these conditions, some microorganisms will die, leading to reduced effectiveness of the fertilizer.
  • Washability: This type of fertilizer has the characteristics of being volatile, easily dissolved and washed away when exposed to heavy rain.Reduces microbial density in soil quickly.Therefore, it is not suitable for use in heavy rainy seasons.
  • Selectivity: Microbial fertilizers are usually only effective when there are suitable soil and climate conditions. They are recommended for use in highlands and for shallow crops,or crops with average nitrogen needs.

6. How to use nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizer effectively

Currently in our country, all kindsbiological fertilizerUsually produced in brown or black powder form. The reason is because most production places use peat as a filler and bacteria carrier. There are two quite popular uses today:

6.1 Seed or root treatment

Impregnatednitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizerinto seeds or roots before plantingis the most popular and economical method.After soaking, you need to plant immediately after 10 to 20 minutes.absolutelyDon’t leave it on for too longunder sunlight because UV rays and high temperatures will kill microorganisms.

General recommended rateis 1 kg of microbial fertilizer mixed with 100 kg of seeds. If the number of seeds is less, you need to divide them in appropriate proportions.The impregnation process helps symbiotic bacteria (egRhizobium) adheres tightly to the surface of seeds and young roots.

When seeds germinate or roots develop, bacteria will invade and form nodules immediately, optimizing the nitrogen fixation process from the early stages, helping legumes grow stronger and more independent of chemical nitrogen.

6.2 Apply directly to the soil

Apply directly to the soil after detecting a nitrogen deficiency or when additional nutrition is needed. If you miss seed treatment, you can still add this biofertilizer directly to the soil after the plant has taken root and grown stably.

You should fertilize in the cool afternoon or early morning and bury it lightly in the soil (about 5-10 cm deep) in the root zone (5-15 cm from the base), then water lightly. Burying manure helps protect microorganisms from sunlight and adverse factors on the soil surface, while increasing moisture to help microorganisms quickly become active, move to the root zone and perform the function of nitrogen fixation in the most effective way.

This method is especially important for non-legume plants that need to be supplemented with free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (Azotobacter).

Apply directly to the soil

Use fixed biological fertilizer, apply directly to the soil

Usagenitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizeris bringing economic benefits to agriculture. Using biological fertilizer also helps protect the environment, so everyone is encouraged to use this product line. Currently in our country there are a number of fertilizer companies producing this type of fertilizer. So if you want to use it, you can buy it very easily.

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Contact information

Microbial products Duc Binh – Center for research and application of biological productsspecializes in research, production and application of product lines: Probiotics, septic tank enzymes, wastewater treatment enzymes, aquatic enzymes, biological products…

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