If we were to answer what is the essential source of nutrition for today’s crops, it would definitely be itmicroorganisms. These are tiny creatures that we cannot see with the naked eye. They live in the soil and play an important role in plant growth. So exactlymicroorganismsWhat role does it play and how can we create them effectively and safely? Let’s go together Microbial product Duc Binh Discover in the article:The role of microorganisms in soil in agricultural cultivation
The role of microorganisms in agricultural soil
1. What are soil microorganisms?
Microorganismsis the majority component in soil and plays a very important role. According to research, the numbermicroorganismsThere is more in soil in both composition and quantity compared to other environments. The reason is because our soils contain very high levels of organic matter, which is the main food source for this group of organisms. That’s why the land became a widespread residencemicroorganisms.
SystemmicroorganismsSoil includes many different groups with very different morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Groups can be mentionedmicroorganismsMain types that exist in soil include: Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Algae, Actinomycetes, Protozoa. The group that accounts for the largest number is bacteria with names such as anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, autotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria,…
2. Current situation of soil depleted of microorganisms
There is a current reality that is systemmicroorganismsnaturally in the soil is increasingdecline andgradually depleted. The proof is that the soil is gradually losing its ability to absorb and is difficult to metabolize the substances applied on its own. This leads to conditions such as: the soil becomes silvery, loses its ability to hold water, no longer ensures porosity, and the soil pH is unbalanced.
Just like that, day after day, the soil environment gradually degrades, causing densitymicroorganismspresent in the soil is becoming more and more sparse. Besides, under the influence of drugs and chemical fertilizers when they are used indiscriminately and irresponsibly, it makes the population even worse.microorganismsThe land is out of balanceand were massively destroyed.If we do not change agricultural production habits as well as have plans to improve land and create favorable conditionsmicroorganismsdevelopment will certainly have to endure unimaginable things from nature.
The reality is that the soil is depleted of microorganisms, the soil is easily hardened and discolored
3. Some microorganisms in the soil are beneficial
To help farmers understand the role ofbeneficial microorganismsin soil during cultivation, first of all, we need to know which common microorganisms are currently most beneficial to soil and plants.
3.1 Nitrogen fixing microorganisms
Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms have the main role of helping to fix Nitrogen (N2) in soil and plants. As we all know, nitrogen (Nitrogen – N) is one of the extremely important and essential sources of nutrients for plant growth.
But plants can only absorb protein in formNH4+ or NO3–only. And to support the natural process of converting Nitrogen into nutrients that plants can absorb, the role ofmicroorganisms. In particular, the group of Rhizobium microorganisms living symbiotically in the roots of legumes has the ability to convert $N_2$ of air into nitrogen that plants can absorb directly.
⫸ See more:Nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizers: Classification, uses and usage
Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms help fix nitrogen in the air to form ammonium nitrogen for plants
3.2 Phosphorus-degrading microorganisms
The main effect of Phosphorus (Phosphorus – P) is to stimulate the root system to develop and promote the ripening process of the fruit. Thus, they directly affect the output as well as the quality of agricultural products.
But similar to N, our plants can only absorb Phosphorus after it has been absorbedmicroorganismsperform resolution. TypesmicroorganismsThe main contributors to the decomposition process that helps plants absorb Phosphorus are: bacteria, actinomycetes (Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes,…) and some types of mushrooms (Penicillium, Aspergillus,…). They will secrete organic acids with the appropriate pH. From there, transform into Landifficult to dissolvebecome essential nutrients for plant growth.
⫸ See more:Phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizerWhat is it?
3.3 Potassium-degrading microorganisms
The plant’s need to absorb potassium is very high because it directly affects the plant’s metabolism. At the same time, it increases water holding capacity as well as resistance to pests and diseases that damage plants. From there, strengthening the plant’s resistance to resist the effects of weather and the environment.
Typesmicroorganismsthat help to break down Potassium are: Bacillus mucilaginosus or Aspergillus fungus. Not only do they help plants absorb potassium, but they also add a number of other necessary nutrients: iron, manganese,…
Potassium-degrading microorganisms help plants absorb potassium to avoid potassium deficiency
⫸ See more:What is organic potassium? Uses and ways to make organic potassium to fertilize plants
3.4 Microorganisms stimulate growth
GroupmicroorganismsAlso very important to use for the purpose of stimulating plant growth include: Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Enterobacter… They work according to the mechanism that secretes substances that are beneficial to plants.such as phytohormones (plant hormones) and amino acids.Creates conditions for plants to absorb nutrients more quickly and effectively. Besides, they also help prevent pathogens that cause plant diseases to help plants increase resistance and grow better.
3.5 Cellulose-degrading microorganisms
MicroorganismsCellulose degradation is divided into two main groups: aerobic and anaerobic. Characteristics of typesmicroorganismsThis is highly biologically active so it is extremely good for soil as well as plants. If you are interested in learning more about agriculture, you will definitely know that this is a type of microorganism used to produce microbial products capable of degrading Cellulose.
Uses of the productmicroorganismscapable of degrading cellulose:
- Helps speed up the process of decomposition of agricultural waste products(such as straw, coffee husks, tea grounds)Used by growers for plants to create microbial organic fertilizer. From there, our plants can absorb it more easily.
- Promotes the humification process of the soil, making it more porous and nutritious.
- Creates natural antibiotics for plants, thereby preventing harmful microorganisms that cause plant diseases.
- Reduce pathogens as well as eliminate odors in waste.
Cellulose-degrading microorganisms
3.6 Microbial resistance and disease control
In addition to the role of providing and metabolizing nutrients, groups of antagonistic microorganisms (such as Trichoderma, Bacillus) also act as a natural “protection force” for plants. These microorganisms compete for food and living space with pathogens (fungi, harmful bacteria) in the soil.
- Direct antagonistic effects: They secrete natural enzymes and antibiotics to destroy or inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens (Fusarium, Pythium…). For example, mushroomsTrichodermaIt also has the ability to parasitize and directly destroy the cell membrane of pathogenic fungi.
- Enhance plant immunity: These microorganisms activate the plant’s natural defense system (ISR – Induced Systemic Resistance), helping the plant become healthier, thereby increasing its resistance to diseases and pests.
The addition of antagonistic microbial products significantly reduces the need to use chemical pesticides, contributing to clean and sustainable agriculture.
4. The role of microorganisms in soil in agricultural cultivation
The role of microorganisms in soil is very important and indispensable
Can seemicroorganismsIt is a large and very diverse animal. Their distribution density is also very widespread, which is why they play a very important role in agricultural cultivation. Specifically as follows:
4.1 Improve soil structure
The first role ofmicroorganismsWhat we cannot deny is improving soil structure. This will be most effective when we apply Cellulose and Protein to the soil becausemicroorganismsperformed the process of degrading cellulose and proteins in an extremely powerful way.
These substances combined with their secretions during life are the glue that helps bind soil particles together. This helps make the soil structure more compact, Increases porosity, making it easier for plant roots to grow and the soil to drain better.
4.2 Nutritional metabolism
In the process of using fertilizer for plants, whether inorganic or organic, whether the fertilizer has a fast or slow effect on plant growth depends entirely on the activity of the plant.microorganisms.
Microorganismswill decompose organic matter into inorganic form to help plants absorb it more easily. Transform indigestible inorganic substances into easily digestible ones.This process is also known as organic mineralization.
4.3 Biosynthesis of nutrients for plants
Typesmicroorganismsliving in the root zone will often be closely related to our plants. They will use the plant’s secretions to return as nutrients to feed their bodies. At the same time, it provides nutrients to the plant through its activity and decomposition process. In addition,microorganismsalso secretes vitamins and growth substances necessary for plant growth.
Using microbial fertilizer is an effective way to supplement the amount of these organisms
4.4 Decomposition of organic matter in soil
As mentioned above, the main task ofmicroorganismsThat is to decompose organic substances in the soil such as cellulose, lignin,…and dead plant and animal residues.From there, minerals and humus are created to supplement necessary nutrients for the soil.
This process releases Carbon dioxide (CO2) and simple compounds back into the environment, forming humus – a key factor determining soil fertility and water holding capacity. Humus also helps stabilize soil temperature, protecting plant roots from sudden temperature changes.
⫸ See more:What is organic matter decomposing microbial fertilizer?
4.5 Synthesis of humic acid
Activities of all kindsmicroorganismsBelongs to the aerobic group that helps form an ingredient in humus, which is humic acid. This acid will combine with other humic acids and help stimulate the growth of the root system. This helps the plant absorb nutrients better. This is the main reason that helps plants grow stronger.
In case they are absorbed directly through the leaves, it will enhance the plant’s photosynthesis more strongly because the enzymes involved in the photosynthesis process are directly affected. Living in an environment with stronger light and stronger photosynthesis, of course the plant will grow faster.
Besides that, humic acid is also very effective in increasing plant resistance. Helps plants better resist pests and diseases. Even living in adverse environmental conditions such as heat, cold, drought, waterlogging, and acidity, they can adapt well.
⫸ See more:What is humic? How to use humic to fertilize plantseffective
Main types of microorganisms in soil
4.6 Metabolism of insoluble compounds
This role ofmicroorganismsSurely many of us already know, right? Among them, especially Lan.Many forms of Phosphorus in soil exist in precipitated form or are bound to other minerals (such as Calcium, Iron) making it impossible for plants to absorb.
Phosphorus-degrading microorganisms will secrete organic acids and enzymes to dissolve these insoluble compounds, converting Phosphorus into an easily digestible ionic form, helping plants make the most of the amount of fertilizer provided. This ability helps increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer use many times.
4.7 Release of minerals
Themicroorganismsfound in the soil with the ability to release minerals trapped in the soil such as sulfur, iron, potassium… into forms that help plants absorb more easily.This process also includes the release of trace elements (such as Zn, Cu) from the mineral structure. From there, ensure the plant receives all the necessary nutrients for metabolism and growth. In particular, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria help convert sulfur in the soil into a form of SO4 that plants can absorb.
4.8 Nitrogen fixation
Some speciesmicroorganismsexist and grow in soil and have the ability to fix nitrogen in the air and then convert nitrogen into formNH4+ and N03–.These are two forms of plant protein that are very easy to absorb.Free (such as Azotobacter) and symbiotic (such as Rhizobium) nitrogen-fixing bacteria act as natural nitrogen factories, greatly reducing the need for chemical fertilizers for plants. It is estimated that immobilized microorganisms can provide tens to hundreds of kg of nitrogen/ha per year.
The role of organisms in soil helps grow better
Above is the information about the role of microorganisms in agricultural soil that we want to share with you through today’s article. Know how to take full advantage of the beneficial microorganisms in the soil to promote plant growth and effectively improve soil. If you have any questions about the role of microorganisms in soil in agricultural cultivation, please contact us for free:0934.214.579or visit the website:chephamvisinh.vnto learn more! Thank you for following the article!
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