Just like Nitrogen or Potassium, Phosphorus in phosphate fertilizers will greatly affect the growth of plants. Currently, phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizer is becoming the preferred choice of many farmers thanks to its outstanding uses. To help you better understand this type of fertilizer, Duc Binh Microbial Products will share the following detailed and useful information.
1. What is phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizer?
1.1. Phosphorus metabolism in soil
Phosphorus-transforming microbial fertilizer has a great effect in plant growth
This is a complex physical and biological process in which phosphorus compounds (inorganic or organic) are broken down, dissolved or synthesized to be converted into mineral forms of phosphate or other P-containing compounds that are available to plants.
1.2. Phosphorus conversion process
In fact, about 95% of phosphorus is in insoluble or precipitated form in soil that plants cannot directly use. Under the influence of physical factors such as rain and wind, phosphate will be released, dissolved and seeped into water sources or soil. These phosphate ions are very soluble and can be completely absorbed by plants through the roots. In addition, the phosphorus metabolism cycle also takes place when animals consume plants and after they die, phosphorus will be decomposed and returned to the soil environment.
Important minerals of element P in soil are: hydroxyapatite, apatite, oxyapatite. In addition, P can also bond with Mn, Fe or Al elements to form insoluble compounds (typical of feralite soils).
Microorganisms will begin the work of converting inorganic/organic phosphorus into HPO42- and H2PO4- for the plant to absorb (also known as the mineralization process).
1.3. Concept of Phosphorus Converting Microbial Fertilizer
Phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizer (also known as microbial phosphate fertilizer) is a type of fertilizer whose main ingredient is microorganisms that can help dissolve phosphorus compounds (inorganic or organic) that are difficult to dissolve in the soil, converting them into easily digestible mineral forms that plants can absorb directly through the roots.
2. What are the types of microorganisms that decompose phosphorus in soil?
To convert indigestible phosphorus in the soil into a form that is easily absorbed by plants, the participation of many groups of microorganisms is required, specifically:
2.1. Bacteria
Bacterial groups in roots have the ability to dissolve and mineralize phosphorus using enzymes such as Phytases, Phosphatases or C-P Lyases. Some typical names of phosphorus-degrading bacteria are: Beijerinckia, Arthrobacter, Bacillus,… In addition, root bacteria also have the ability to release organic P and dissolve inorganic P.
Bacteria at the roots will release organic P and dissolve inorganic P
2.2. Actinomycetes
Acinomycetes are often brought into agriculture with the main purpose of inhibiting diseases caused by fungi or bacteria. Enzymes secreted by actinomycetes will decompose insoluble phosphate fertilizers into soluble minerals, and at the same time reduce the pH level of cultivated soil.
2.3. Phosphate-degrading fungi
Besides bacteria, fungi in soil also play an important role in solubilizing phosphorus. Typical fungal strains participating in this process include: Trichoderma and Penicillium sp.
2.4. Mycorrhizal fungi live in symbiosis
The fungi in the root tissue will absorb all the nutrients in the humus. The fungal mycelium will break down complex phosphorus compounds into a more soluble form of phosphorus. In addition, roots can also bind to these fungal hyphae to absorb phosphorus that the fungus has previously metabolized.
3.3 Phosphorus resolution mechanism
Microorganisms reduce soil pH, plants will absorb phosphorus more quickly
Indeed, phosphorus-transforming microbial fertilizer is an indispensable element in the modern plant care process. So, what mechanism helps these groups of microorganisms metabolize phosphorus, making it easier for plants to absorb this nutrient?
There are 3 mechanisms for microorganisms to decompose phosphorus, specifically:
- Reducing soil pH: Microorganisms will release protons or produce organic acids to reduce soil pH. When pH decreases, solubility increases.
- Compete with phosphorus for insoluble phosphorus compounds: microorganisms will dissolve insoluble phosphorus compounds, then form organic and inorganic acids.
- Mineralization: microorganisms will break down complex organic phosphorus compounds into a simpler form for best absorption by plants.
4. Summary of wonderful uses of microbial phosphate fertilizers
The role of phosphate fertilizer in plants is extremely important, but what makes phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizer the superior choice? Here is some important information:
4.1. What role does phosphorus play in plants?
The role of phosphorus-metabolizing microbial fertilizer is to participate in many plant metabolic processes, such as: nutrient group metabolism, glucose metabolism or photosynthesis. At the same time, element P also contributes to increasing the ability of nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Phosphorus is also the main ingredient in many important compounds such as ATP, nucleic acids and phospholipids. If there is a lack of phosphorus, the plant will be stunted, have poor resistance, shoots and roots will not develop, have low productivity,…
4.2. Powerful effects of microbial phosphate fertilizer on plants
Microbiological phosphate fertilizer can help plants increase resistance and fight diseases
The greatest uses of phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizers are:
- Provides an easily absorbable source of phosphorus: fertilizer contains microorganisms that convert phosphorus from insoluble to soluble form. This makes it easier for plants to absorb phosphorus, improving plant growth.
- Increases resistance: fertilizers enhance plant health, avoiding environmental impacts (phosphate deficiency, disease, drought, nutrient-deficient soil,…).
- Improving plant quality: fertilizer enhances the absorption of other nutrients such as potassium, nitrogen, and micronutrients. From there, the plants grow healthy, have large fruits, bloom evenly and have lush leaves.
- Root system development: bacteria in fertilizer will create stimulants that stimulate the development of the entire root system. Thus, plants can grow strongly, increase their resistance to difficult environmental conditions or absorb nutrients and water well.
- Improves the structure of arable land: fertilizer will create colloids and organic matter to make the soil loose and fertile. By doing so, people’s crops will also grow in the best way.
- Environmentally friendly: Instead of using conventional chemical fertilizers, using phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizer will not cause environmental pollution problems. This type of fertilizer even helps maintain ecological balance in the soil and limits the leaching of nutrients into water sources.
5. 2 How to apply microbial phosphorus fertilizer to plants
Mixing seeds with phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizer is a good way to fertilize plants
For fertilizer to promote the above effects, people can fertilize their plants in one of the following two ways:
- Mix the seeds and fertilizer well before starting to plant: In this method, farmers need to moisten the prepared seeds by soaking them in water for a few minutes. Then, mix the soaked seeds well with microbial phosphate fertilizer at the ratio of 100kg of seeds x 1kg of fertilizer. Once you have waited 10 to 20 minutes, you can plant the seeds.
- Apply fertilizer directly to cultivated land: When detecting that chemical fertilizers still remain in the soil or plants show signs of phosphorus deficiency, farmers should apply fertilizer directly to the soil. This is an important time to apply microbial phosphate fertilizer immediately so that microorganisms can decompose phosphorus in the soil.
6. Compare the advantages of microbial phosphate fertilizers and chemical phosphate fertilizers
Microbial phosphate fertilizers bring many outstanding benefits compared to traditional chemical phosphate fertilizers, specifically:
| Features | Microbial phosphate fertilizer | Chemical phosphate fertilizer |
| Phosphorus source | Converts insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus, taking advantage of available phosphorus in the soil. | Supplies soluble phosphorus directly, but is easily fixed to become insoluble. |
| Impact on land | Improves soil structure, increases porosity, and is environmentally friendly. | Easily causes soil acidity, soil degradation if overused, risk of water pollution. |
| Other roles | Provides growth stimulants and increases plant resistance. | Only provides P nutrients. |
| Efficiency | Sustainable, long-lasting effect, stimulating strong root growth. | Effective quickly, but easy to wash off or set quickly. |
7. Notes when using and preserving microbial phosphate
For microbial phosphate fertilizer to be most effective, farmers need to pay attention to:
- Avoid using with fungicides or strong chemicals: Because microbial phosphate fertilizers contain living microorganisms, using with chemicals can reduce or destroy their activity.
- Store in a cool, dry place: Do not expose feces to direct sunlight or high temperatures, this helps maintain the quantity and quality of microorganisms.
- Use the correct dosage: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to ensure microorganisms have the necessary density to effectively decompose phosphorus in the soil.
Phosphorus-converting microbial fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that farmers trust when crops grow well and productivity increases. Hope the article is useful and don’t hesitate to contact Duc Binh Microbial Products to learn a Some types of probiotics are good for plants!
⫸ See more: How to use nitrogen fertilizer effectively in modern agriculture
⫸ See more: What is microbial fertilizer? Characteristics, uses and effective usage
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