Using biological methods in agriculture has been and continues to bebecometrend is not chstay inVietnam but also popular all over the world. One of the methods iscrowdedFarmers are most interested in biological products made from mushrooms todayTrichoderma. So, find out what richoderma isSurely necessary?Why is TrichodermauseMaking biological products in agriculture? Let’s find the answer in the article: “Trichoderma: An effective biological fungal disease control method“
1. Trichoderma prevents biological fungal diseases?
Trichoderma is the name of an imperfect fungus belonging to the Moniliaceae family. Trichoderma fungus reproduces asexually by spores. Trichoderma fungal spores are ovoid (elliptical), green in color attached to fungal filaments. The growth rate of this mushroom is relatively fast, they can reach a diameter of 2-9cm after about 4 days of culture at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.
⫸ See more: What is trichoderma? Benefits, ingredients, uses of trichoderma preparations
With the physiological characteristics of soil fungi, Trichoderma grows well on nutrient-rich soils such as agricultural land, grasslands, forests, etc. Most of them are saprophytic species, meaning they take nutrients from dead plants and animals to grow.grow and develop.However, they are also capable of attacking other fungi
Biological morphology of Trichoderma fungus when observed under a microscope
Based on antagonism, there are currently about 33 species of Trichoderma. Among them, species with high resistance include: T.viride, T. harzianum, T.hamatum, T.atroviride, T. minutisporum,…
According to research by scientists, Trichoderma sp is a group of fungi that can exist in all climate zones. However, depending on environmental conditions, Trichoderma species will have different distributions. For example, Trichoderma harzianum occurs in hot climates, while Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma viride occur in cold climates.
Based on physiological and biochemical characteristics, Trichoderma fungus has been researched to be used as a biological method in farming. This method is highly effective but extremely economical for farmers. Their uses include:
- Eliminate fungi that cause plant diseases
- Stimulates plant growth
- Stimulates resistance and protects the roots of plants
Irrigation Trichoderma fungus of Duc Binh microbiological product is extremely strong against fungal pathogens
2. Mechanism of biological fungal disease prevention of Trichoderma
The reasontrichoderma is known as an antagonistic fungusdue to inDuring research, scientists have discovered that there is competition for nutrients when they are placed in the same habitat with some other types of fungi that are harmful to plants. Not only that, trichoderma antagonists also tend to live parasitically (mycoparasitism) and secrete substances that destroy those fungi (antibiosis). All three of these mechanisms of action are not separate but tend to interact with each other, helping the fungus perform its task of eliminating fungal diseases and protecting plants.
2.1 Mechanism of parasitism (mycoparasitism)
Although Trichoderma is a saprophytic species, it is also found to live parasitically on some pathogenic fungi such as Scerotium Rolfsii, Fusarium spp, Pythium, etc. The parasitic mechanism of Trichoderma-spp includes 2 stages:
- The first step is to detect the target fungus, also known as the host fungus. At this stage, the antagonist fungus Trichoderma tends to grow rapidly and towards the target fungus
- They will then wrap around or continue to grow along the hostcreate structureThe structure resembles adhesion plates and secretes degrading enzymes to easily penetrate the host cell wall.
2.2 Mechanism of secretion of antifungal substances (antibiosis)
This is the most important mechanism that helpsTrichodermaEffectively destroys disease-causing fungi. During operation, they produce many types of enzymes. In particular, two enzymes Endochitinase and Glucanase are capable of degrading chitin and glucan.
This is the main component in the cell wall structure of fungi that cause plant diseases. Thanks to that,Trichodermahas the ability to inhibit these microorganisms without physical impact.
2.3 Competition for nutrients mechanism
Competition occurs when many species exploit the same nutrient source but differ in the speed and efficiency of exploitation. When placed in an environment with pathogenic fungi,TrichodermaVery actively competes for nutrients and living space. Microorganisms that, after a period of time, are not competitive enough will eventually die or move to other, more suitable habitats.
2.4 Trichoderma has the effect of stimulating growth and protecting plant roots
In addition to secreting enzymes that fight disease-causing microorganisms, this fungus also stimulates plants to produce substances that help increase resistance.for plants to growhealthier. After parasitizing the roots, they will begin to create a series of morphological and biochemical changes in the plant, specifically as follows:
- Enhance the activity of enzymes in plants related to antibacterial ability such as β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, chitinase and lipoxygenase.
- Stimulates the plant’s ability to secrete phytoalexins in damaged areas. Helps plants heal quickly and prevents the invasion of harmful microorganisms in these areas.
Besides, in the process of competing for habitat, fungi and pathogenic microorganisms have the ability to leave cyanide in their habitat. This is a type of poison that inhibits the respiratory activity of cells.Trichodermaresistant to cyanide, while also creating two enzymes capable of decomposing them in the root zone. Therefore, they directly contribute to controlling and proactively protecting the plant’s root system.
Comparison of effectiveness between plants with and without using trichoderma probiotics
2.5 Trichoderma has the effect of stimulating plant growth
- To evaluate healthy, quality crops,Besides the ability to fight pathogensIt also includes the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients. According to experts, despite the same care conditions, plants containing the parasitic Trichoderma fungus in their roots achieve much faster and healthier growth. The reason is:
- Trichoderma stimulates plants to increase the concentration of organic matter in cell walls and produce more hormones that promote stronger metabolism.
- Some studies have shown that Trichoderma can dissolve nutrients that are difficult to absorb such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, etc. Therefore, the appearance of Trichoderma in soil also helps increase the level of use and ability to absorb these nutrients for plants.
- In addition, this special fungus also decomposes some organic matter in the soil and fertilizers, making the soil loose, increasing fertility and minimizing the condition of hardened and degraded soil.
As a result, we get looser, more fertile soil
3. Factors affecting the antifungal activity of Trichoderma
Like all other types of microorganisms, each impact of surrounding conditions has a certain influence on the growth and activity of Trichoderma fungus. However, the factors causing the most obvious changes can be mentioned as follows:
3.1 Temperature
Trichoderma fungus grows fastest at temperatures of 25-30 degrees Celsius. A few other species can grow at 45 degrees Celsius. Therefore, each mushroom species will have a different appropriate temperature level. However, the common characteristic is that they are very afraid of direct sunlight.
Because this affectsabilitySpore germination, tube elongation and mycelial growth. In addition, the ability of Trichoderma fungus to secrete enzymes also depends heavily on the temperature of each surrounding field.
3.2 PH of the environment
Normally, the enzyme secretion ability of Trichoderma fungus is best guaranteed when the pH in the soil is about 2-6 and a maximum of 4-8. Therefore, an imbalance of Ph in the soil will directly affect the resistance ability of this fungus to other fungi that cause diseases in plants.
3.3 Air permeability
Although it can live in an oxygen-deficient environment, trichoderma is still an aerobic microorganism. Therefore, oxygen concentration also has an impact on antibiotic resistance and their morphology when active in soil.
3.4 Nutritional food sources
Nutrient sources in the soil also have a significant impact on the activity of Trichoderma. Therefore, when using this type of microbial fungus for biological purposes, we need to pay attention to providing them with fertilizers containing necessary nutrients.
Fertilizers containing a lot of organic substances such as glucose, fructose, maltose and galactose should be given priority. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to adding substances such as Phosphorus, Calcium, Mg, Amino acids, organic Chelax-EDTA micronutrients, etc.
Trichoderma preparation for watering plants
Trichoderma preparation for watering plantsPreventing and treating fungal diseases of plants is a product line containing billions of sporesTrichoderma antagonistic funguswith useful biological active ingredients.Trichoderma preparation for watering plantsSoluble in water, used to spray plants, treat fungal diseases, stimulate plant growth… Spray on roses, orchids, ornamental plants, vegetables.
To useTrichoderma antagonist fungus in powder form for watering plants, you need to mix it with water according to the instructions for each use. Proper watering of Trichoderma antagonistic fungi will help plants stay healthy, fight fungal diseases and improve soil.
4. How to use Trichoderma to prevent fungal diseases
With the wonderful uses of Trichoderma mushroom, it is not surprising that currently biological products made from this mushroom are trusted by many farmers. However, to achieve the highest effectiveness, consumers need to learn and carefully research trichoderma biological products before putting them into practical use.Currently, Trichoderma mushroom can be used in 3 ways:
4.1 Apply fertilizer directly to plants
If Trichoderma preparation is produced in powder form, people should apply it directly to the soil or mix it with the substrate. Dosage is 1 to 2 kg of mushrooms/hectare of land. Experts advise farmers to apply inoculants to the soil 7 to 10 days before planting or 15 to 20 days after planting. If the soil shows signs of lack of nutrients and the plant grows slowly, you should re-fertilize every 30 to 45 days. That way helps the soil always have enough nutrients for plant growth.
4.2 Spray or water directly
If the Trichoderma preparation is produced in liquid form, spraying or irrigation is most appropriate. We use 1 to 2 liters of product for 1 hectare of land. The most effective time to use Trichoderma is in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid sun and wind, minimizing the risk of poisoning or plant stress. Note, people should spray or re-water Trichoderma plants every 15 to 20 days.
4.3 Use for composting with other fertilizers
In addition to the above two uses, Trichoderma is also used to compost with organic fertilizers such as: Manure, plant residue, straw, and other plants to create quality organic fertilizer containing Trichoderma fungus and hydrolytic enzymes that are very good for plants.
⫸ See more: How to use trichoderma mushroom“standard” for highest efficiency
5. Note when choosing Trichoderma Mushroom to prevent fungal diseases
On today’s market, it is not too difficult for people to find and buy biological products made from this special mushroom. However, many companies, out of greed for profit, produce poor quality products with prices that fluctuate erratically. To be able to chooseTrichoderma preparationsquality, people can try the following methods:
- Research the parameters listed on the packaging: Microbial density from 107 – 108CFU/gr, strong trichoderma potency
- Self-check by manual method: First, we fill about ¾ of a 500ml water bottle with clean water and dissolve 1 small spoon of this product. Close the lid and place it in a dimly lit place. If after about 4-10 days the water shows signs of turning blue or gray and a bad smell appears, it means the product meets the requirements.
Trichoderma Bacillus fungus
Trichoderma bacillus fungusis a product line containing 2 groups of microorganisms:trichoderma sp andbacillus spUsing organic compost will bring many outstanding benefits, helping to decompose materials quickly and create a source of fertilizer rich in microorganisms, safe for plants.
Trichoderma bacillus product Duc Binhis a high-tech product with very strong microbial activity and high microbial density, there are billions of microorganisms in 1 gram of product. This is a product line specialized for composting, soil improvement, disease resistance… ofMicrobial products Duc Binh – Center for research and application of biological products
Price list
- 200gr type, price 20k/package, 1 box of 60 packs
- 1kg price 75k/package, 1 box of 20 packs
Another way to try is to use 1 kg of rice bran powder mixed with 1 tablespoon of probiotics. Then spray a little water to create humidity, cover tightly and put in a dimly lit place. Finally, we will rely on the comparison table here to evaluate the results.
- Choose preparations of clear origin, with full circulation licenses provided by competent authorities. You can also use barcodes to trace the product’s origin or contact via phone number to verify.
- Choose Trichoderma suitable for the type of crop you want to grow and fertilize. Currently on the market there are many different types of Trichoderma mushrooms. Each type of preparation has the effect of controlling different types of diseases. Therefore, users must carefully learn the characteristics and uses of each type before buying.
- Choose a preparation suitable for your usage: If used for fertilizing, you should choose a powder preparation, if used for spraying or irrigation, choose a liquid preparation.
Self-assess the quality of current Trichoderma biological products
6. Use Trichoderma to prevent fungal diseases properly
After researching and choosing the right type of preparation, the next step is to ensure proper use so as not to reduce the effectiveness of the preparation.
- If it exists for a long time in an environment without food, Trichoderma will gradually decrease in number quickly and will completely lose its effect after 6 months. Therefore, people need to monitor the amount of product they need to use so that it is best to use it at once after opening the lid
- Only combine with fertilizers or pesticides listed on the packaging. In particular, do not mix with concentrated inorganic fertilizers and lime powder because they have the ability to kill fungi and reduce effectiveness.
- It is necessary to pay attention to conditions that affect the ability to grow and function of Trichoderma such as temperature, humidity,…
- Most types of plants from fruit trees to ornamental plants are compatible and usable.
- Current preparations are produced in powder and liquid form. Before using, people need to pay attention to diluting with clean water according to the specific ratio on the packaging instructions before spraying on plants.
Use Trichoderma according to the manufacturer’s instructions
If after researching you still haven’t found a suitable product,everyone should refer Trichoderma biological product – Duc Binh by Duc Binh Biotechnology Company Limiteddirect production. With simple usage, reasonable price but high value,Microbial product Duc BinhCommitted to fully meeting the criteria that customers are looking for.
⫸ See more: Learn about the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma with experts
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