Pig farming is a very popular profession for Vietnamese farmers. However, not everyone cares for pigs properly to bring out the best quality meat. To guide people in raising livestock safely, protecting public health and the environment. In today’s article,Microbial product Duc BinhwillInstructionsHow to raise pigs for meathigh productivity.Let’s read together!
Raising techniques to care for high-yield pigs
1. Requirements for barns
Technical instructions for raising pigs must first mention the location of the farm. That place must be in accordance with local planning or have permission from competent authorities. The minimum distance of the farm to schools, hospitals, residential areas, national highways, and water sources is200m (according to the latest regulations on livestock farming to ensure disease and environmental safety). Must ensure the place where the barn is built is on high ground, not flooded, has a clean water source and is capable of treating waste according to regulations.
Farms need to have walls or fences around them to control people and animals entering and leaving.On the farm, farmers must arrange separate areas such as: livestock area, toilet area, pig isolation area or place to disinfect livestock equipment. It is necessary to arrange disinfection pits from the entrance gate, cage and at the exit of each row.
Pig farming pens need to have a reasonable size and distance between rows of pens. This is the correct technique for raising pigs. And to keep the barn floor from being slippery, it should be paved with bricks and must have grooves for drainage with a slope of 3 – 5%. The roof of the barn should not be too low so that the barn is well ventilatedand doesn’t get hot. Wastewater drainage pipes need to be closed, easy to drain and have a separate pipe leading to the treatment area to avoid confusion with other pipes.
Pig farming barns must be well ventilated
Equipment and utensils containing food and drinking water must be easy to clean and non-toxic. Note that warehouses storing food, veterinary drugs, chemicals, and equipment must be well-ventilated to avoid being stored in damp places. And must be cleaned regularly to disinfect barns and related areas.
2. Consider how to choose a standard pig breed for meat production
Instructions on how to raise pigs for meat according to technical standardsFarmers must know how to choose pig breeds. Purchased pig breeds must have a clear origin, be healthy, have full quarantine papers and have quality standards. Before joining the herd, this new pig needs to be quarantined for a certain period of time to monitor its health.
Note how to choose a pig breed with a high lean rate, long body, wide butt, and slim belly. Avoid buying many types of breeds from many places, know the origin and weight of the animals must be equal. There are 2 types of breeds for raising pigs as follows:
- F1 hybrid pigs are foreign male pigs and domestic female pigs. This breed has the ability to gain weight at a good level and has a high lean rate
- Crossbred pigs with 2, 3, 4 foreign blood have higher hybrid vigor, so they grow very quickly, consume less food and are more resistant to disease.
How to choose a pig breed for meat production
Among them, pigs are crossbred with two foreign blood or are F1 hybrids between Landrace and Yorkshire breeds. The three-blood hybrid pig is a cross between an F1 sow (Landrace & Yorkshire) and a Duroc male pig. The 3-foreign-blood hybrid pig breed reduces feed intake by 0.1 – 0.3kg, the farming time is shortened by 4 – 6 days, and the lean rate increases by 1 – 2%.
3. Prepare and stabilize the farming environment
Prepare to bring the pigs back to the barn
To ensure correct procedureRaising pigs for meat according to technical standards.Before releasing pigs, people need to clean them by whitewashing the barn floor, disinfecting the surroundings and having enough drinking water. Pigs should be caught on a cool day, early in the morning or late in the evening, and the time to transfer pigs should be as short as possible.
People need to give pigs water mixed with Glucose or electrolytes immediately after placing them in the barn. Create a habit for porkers to defecate in the right place by sweeping feces into the designated place every day. Note: Do not bathe the pig immediately.
Create the right environment
Farmers should adjust the temperature to suit the growth of pigs according to the following stages:
- From 23 – 28 degrees Celsius for pigs weighing 10 – 20kg
- 20 – 23 degrees Celsius is suitable for pigs weighing 20 – 40kg
- 18 – 23 degrees Celsius for pigs weighing 40 – 60 kg
- And 17 – 21 degrees Celsius for pigs weighing 60kg
Note: This temperature is the air temperature of the barn, the floor is dry and not drafty. Temperatures that are too high will cause pigs to breathe more, eat less, and defecate haphazardly, resulting in slow weight gain and susceptibility to disease.On the other hand, the ideal house humidity should be maintained at $60 – 75%$. Too high humidity can easily cause skin and respiratory diseases in pigs.
Watch now: How to make biological bedding for pig farming according to technical standards
Pig cage bedding – simple method, excellent deodorizing effect
Raising households can protect pigs from heat in the following ways:
- Create ventilation for the barn, place the barn in a reasonable place
- Roof made of insulating material with appropriate density(should make a double roof or use heat-resistant materials such as cold corrugated iron, cool mist spray).
- Plant many trees around to block the wind and prevent heat
The appropriate density for pigs at the meat stage is:
- For pigs weighing 10 – 20kg, keep the density from 3 – 3.5 pigs/square meter.
- 20 – 40kg to raise density from 2 – 2.5 fish/square meter
- 40 – 60kg raised at a density of 1.5 fish/square meter
- 60kg for sale, keep 1 bird/square meter
Note: in winter, increase the stocking density to 1 bird per 2 square meters(i.e. reduce area/child). When the temperature drops, pigs will fluff their fur and lie on top of each other, defecate haphazardly, grow slowly, consume food, get sick easily, and easily bite each other’s ears and tails. Therefore, people must keep the barn dry. That’s correctInstructions on how to raise pork with the most technical standards.
4. Techniques for raising pigs for meat
Normally people will divide pig farming techniques into 2 main stages:
- Phase 1 (Growth phase):In phase 1, from 70 – 130 days of age, the pig’s weight is from 23 – 60kg, people should adjust the pig’s diet to ensure 17 – 18% Crude Protein and provide 3100 – 3300Kcal. During this period, pigs need high protein to build muscles and skeleton, ensuring the fastest growth rate.
Diet suitable for each stage
- Phase 2 (Fattening phase):From 131 – 165 days old with a weight of 61 – 105kg, the diet ensures 14 – 16% Crude Protein and 3000 – 3100 Kcal of metabolized energy.Reducing Protein during this period is to optimize fat accumulation and increase meat quality, preparing pigs for slaughter.
People should note that both stages need to balance the composition of amino acids and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids.Instructions on how to raise pork with the most technical standardsVery suitable for medium and large livestock models.
5. It is necessary to ensure a suitable diet for meat pigs
- People can feed pigs freely or in meals, for smaller pigs30kg, 3 meals/day, large, 2 meals/day.
- Provide adequate clean water with an automatic drinking fountain for your pigs.Clean water must be available 24/7 because pigs drink more water than they eat food.
- Pigs should be fed the correct and sufficient diet for each growth stage.
- People should feed their pigs concentrate food first and rough food later Technical guidance on raising pigs to technical standards.
- Divide the diet into several meals to ensure the pigs eat the right amount of food each day.
- Train pigs in the habit of eating at the right time to increase the ability to absorb nutrients for the digestive system.
- Don’t dilute the food too much, keep it proportionalWater/food ratio is 1:1 or feed completely dry food and provide separate water supply through automatic faucet.
- Do not change the pig’s diet suddenlyIt is necessary to switch slowly over 5-7 days so that the pig’s digestive system can adapt and avoid diarrhea.
- Monitor the pigs’ eating status regularly to detect problems early and find solutions.
Get into the habit of eating on time
6. Veterinary hygiene techniques
People should pay attention to replacing or adding disinfectants at disinfection holes at gates, livestock areas, and barns. All vehicles entering and leaving the farm also need to be sprayed with disinfectant. Visitors must also change into protective clothing and footwear from the farm.
Periodically spray the farm with pesticides at least1 time/week; Aisles and rows of barns are minimal2 times/weekIf during an epidemic, once a day; Spray disinfectant for pigs once a week under technical guidance on pig farming.
The barracks also need to clear bushes, clear and clean sewers at least1 time/month. Avoid transporting pig feed, feed, waste… in the same vehicle and must disinfect before transporting. Every day, people should brush feeding troughs and drinking troughs for pigs to ensure hygiene.
There should be measures to handle insects, rodents… by using baits, traps with warnings and regular inspection to collect and treat. Pigs should be vaccinated according to regulations. If the farm has an epidemic, it must fully comply with current regulations to prevent epidemics. Normally, before raising pigs, people need to be vaccinated at 8 – 12 weeks of age with vaccines as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock.
Vaccinate pigs periodically
About 15 – 20 days later, people should be re-vaccinated. If pigs have diseases related to the digestive tract or helminths, they can use some drugs such as Dipterex, Tetramysone, Levamisole…
TheoTechnical instructions for raising pigs for meatPeople should apply the “all in, all out” method in the order of the whole area, each row, each pen to export pigs for meat. After each such period, the barn needs to be disinfected, livestock equipment and the barn should be left empty for at least 7 days before bringing in a new litter. If there is an outbreak, the cage must be left empty for about 21 days.
7. Waste management and environmental protection
Waste management is a key step, determining the success or failure of the modern livestock model, ensuring sustainable development and compliance with the law.
There is an issue that every barracks needs to pay attention to: the waste treatment system to protect the surrounding environment. It is mandatory for every business farm to have a waste treatment system. This amount of waste will be collected every day for treatment with appropriate heat, chemicals or biological products. For solid waste, before being processed outside, it is necessary to ensure good hygiene according to regulations of the Ministry of Veterinary Medicine. Liquid waste needs to be treated with chemicals or with appropriate biological treatment methods.
Biogas biological treatment system
Biogas system (anaerobic digester) is the most popular and effective solution today to treat liquid and solid waste from pig farming. Feces and urine are directed into the cellar for anaerobic decomposition by microorganisms. Benefits:
- Reduce odor:Anaerobic digestion helps reduce odor-causing gases such as NH3 and H2S.
- Clean energy:Generates gasMethane(CH4) used as fuel for cooking, running generators, saving energy costs.
- Source of quality fertilizer:Biogas wastewater can be used to water plants. It is rich in nutrients and has fewer pathogens than fresh manure.
Application of microbial products in waste treatment
To enhance the effectiveness of odor and decomposition treatment, many farms combine Biogas with microbial products (such as EM, EMZEO).
Mechanism:Beneficial microorganisms added to the compost or barn (bedding) will compete and inhibit rotting bacteria, accelerating the rate of decomposition of organic matter. This helps waste to be treated more thoroughly, minimizing the risk of environmental pollution.
⫸ See more:3 ways to compost manureQuickly destroy the simplest item
⫸ See more:6 ways to compost cow manureQuickly rots and fertilizes plants
Solid waste treatment (Biological liner)
For pig barns, using biological bedding (made from rice husks, sawdust, probiotics) is a great alternative to traditional concrete floor barns. The bedding absorbs waste, decomposes microorganisms on the spot, keeps pigs warm, and reduces odor by up to $90%$. After use, the bedding also becomes a source of high-quality microbial organic fertilizer.
So we have given instructionseffective pig farming techniquesspecifically and in detail for people. Hopefully these techniques will help people gain more knowledge to expand the scale of pig farms to improve economic efficiency.
Biological products in animal husbandry
In addition, people can access the website:chephamvisinh.vnfor more information about biological products for livestock. Wishing everyone success!
⫸ See more: Learn about biological products in livestock farming
⫸ See more:Revealing experiencelivestock without odormost effective
⫸ See more: How to treat pig farming wasteeffective
⫸ See more:How to treat pig farming wastewater
Contact information
Duc Binh Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Tax code: 0108433217
Address: 57 Lane 64 Kim Giang, Khuong Dinh, Hanoi
Phone number: 024.66.55.46.86
Transaction office
Microbial products Duc Binh – Center for research and application of biological productsspecializes in research, production and application of product lines: Probiotics, septic tank enzymes, wastewater treatment enzymes, aquatic enzymes, biological products…
Address:1B Alley 774 Kim Giang, Thanh Liet, Hanoi
Phone number: 0934.214.579
Hotline: 024.66.55.46.86
Email:chephamvisanhungdung@gmail.com
Website:https://chephamvisinh.vn
