White leg shrimp is one of the top seafood products with high nutritional content and is popular with many people. This is an aquatic species that many people choose to raise and trade. Through the article below,Microbial product Duc Binhwill introduce to readers Whiteleg shrimp farming techniques – renovating whiteleg shrimp ponds.
1. Some details about white leg shrimp
To successfully farm white shrimp, farmers need to clearly understand the characteristics and habitat of this aquatic species.
Image of white leg shrimp
Structural characteristics of shrimp
White leg shrimp are light green and blue in color. They have thin shells and unstriped bodies. Shrimp have teeth of 5 – 9/24, the lateral groove is not long and is hidden below the stomach puncture. This type of shrimp has a liver and antennae spines, they do not have gill spines and gill claws, a distinct liver and spine, the shrimp’s heart is black and their front feet are chalky.
White leg shrimp have no upper limbs and the tail has a central groove. This species is similar to fish without seminal vesicles, the bone between legs 4 and 5 of an adult shrimp is W-shaped.
Food for white shrimp
White shrimpAs weight-eaters, they mainly eat zooplankton. The food of newly grown shrimp also includes benthic larvae in addition to zooplankton. Adult shrimp’s food is live/dead animals, plants, worms, insects…
Besides, the food of this shrimp species also includes small molluscs, crustaceans, algae… For artificial food,nutrientsis not high and the amount of crude protein in food can meet about 25 – 30% of nutritional needs.
Habitat of white leg shrimp
This species of shrimp is highly adaptable, living in the natural environment on the seabed at a depth of 0 – 72 m and can grow in water with a salinity of about 0.5 – 35and temperature from 6 – 40 degrees Celsius. White leg shrimp can withstand high temperatures up to 43.5 degrees Celsius, but their ability to survive in low temperature environments is quite poor.
White leg shrimp has the ability to adapt to the living environment very well
Water temperatures 5 mg/L and dissolved oxygen must be at least 1.2 mg/L.
White shrimp have the ability to survive for quite a long time when taken out of water.Habitat of this aquatic speciesincludes sea water, brackish water and fresh water. Shrimp larvae grow in areas with low salinity of 4 – 30% in shallow seas, near river mouths, coastal lagoons…To produce the highest productivitywhen raising shrimpYou need to know the technique of raising white leg shrimp – pond renovation drawn from the secrets of experienced breeders.
Common diseases in white leg shrimp
Although white-leg shrimp has the ability to adapt to the living environment extremely well, it is still very susceptible to some of the following common diseases:
- Early mortality syndrome (EMS/AHPND): This is the most worrying disease in white-legged shrimp, caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria, causing mass deaths of shrimp within 20 – 40 days of farming, this stage is very early and greatly affects the profits of farmers. When suffering from EMS, the shrimp’s hepatopancreas will become seriously damaged, the shrimp will lose its appetite and its health will gradually weaken. To control this disease, managing shrimp ponds and ensuring the quality of shrimp habitat is a key factor.
- White spot disease (WSSV): This disease is very dangerous and often occurs in white shrimp, caused by a virus that attacks the shrimp shell, from which many small white spots appear on the shrimp body and causes the shrimp to die extremely quickly. Usually, this disease will flare up when the environment changes suddenly and especially when the temperature is low. Disease prevention will mainly rely on clean fish breeds, good pond treatment and strict water source management.
- White feces disease: This is a very common disease in an intensive farming chain. The cause of this disease is mainly parasites, followed by bacteria and farmers feeding whiteleg shrimp poor quality food. Symptoms of diseased shrimp are disrupted intestinal tracts, white and liquid feces extending across the surface of the pond. To overcome this disease, you can use probiotics and adjust the shrimp’s daily diet.
2. Techniques for raising and improving white-legged shrimp ponds
If you grasp the technique of raising white shrimp and improving their living environment, the productivity you will achieve will be very high.
Pond bottom improvement
Whiteleg shrimp farming techniques – renovating whiteleg shrimp pondsfor new and old ponds as follows:
- For a newly built pond, you need to soak it in water for about 2-3 days and then drain all the water to wash the pond.AfterRemove and wash about 2-3 times.pleaseUse lime powder to acidify the entire pond edge and pond bottom. The amount of lime used depends on the pH of the pond bottom soil: if the pH is 6 – 7, take about 300 – 400 kg/ha, if the pH is 4.5 – 6, take about 500 – 1000 kg/ha.
Whiteleg shrimp farming techniques – renovating whiteleg shrimp ponds
- After spreading lime, the pond bottom is left to dry for about 7 – 10 daysthenStart supplying water (water supplied to the pond needs to go through a filter to prevent crustaceans and pathogens from entering the pond,then, let’sColor the water before stocking.
- For old ponds, after harvesting the shrimp, it is necessary to drain all the water and remove the mud, dredging the contaminated mud at the bottom to help the pond cleaner. Next, you need to spread lime powder and dry the pond for about 10-15 days to kill trash fish and harmful organisms in the pond.
After improving the pond bottom, you need to arrange a fan system to add oxygen to help shrimp breathe better and help collect waste and organic residue in a corner of the pond. Then use microorganisms to deal with this harmful organic waste,
Disinfect and color shrimp ponds
The secret to disinfecting and coloring shrimp ponds is as follows:
- Water put into the pond must be filtered by a mesh and left for about 3 days to wait for all the eggs in the pond to hatch and then kill bacteria.
Disinfects and discolors shrimp pond water
- ProcessFertilization causes water colorokayProceed as follows: use nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers based on a ratio of 1/9 and apply about 1.5kg/ha to help raise organisms used as early stage food for shrimp.
Stocking white leg shrimp
Whiteleg shrimp farming techniques – improving whiteleg shrimp ponds effectivelyWhat will happen?depends on the shrimp breed you choose.YouYou should choose shrimp varieties that are even and from the same batch, shrimp length is about 1cm, stocking density is about 15,000 shrimp/ha.
PleaseNote that for this type of shrimp, you should not choose any shrimp breed if you do not know the origin of the parent shrimp. Broodstock shrimp need to be raised and spawned for no more than 4 months from the time they are brought to the production farm, and provided with quality fresh food… If the broodstock are provided with adequate nutrients, the source ofsimilarNew meets standards.
When choosing whiteleg shrimp breeds, you must clearly know the origin of the parent shrimp
The night before stocking shrimp, you need to turn on the water fan at a strong level to increase the amount of oxygen in the pond. When selecting white shrimp to bring home, you should put them in a large container, then take a small amount of water from the pond and pour it into the container and keep it for about 1 hour so that the shrimp can gradually adapt to the shrimp farming water.
When the shrimp regain their strength and stir the water in the tank, the weak shrimp will gather in the middle of the tankpleasestartaerationTo eliminate weak shrimp, healthy shrimp will swim upstream and slowly drop into the pond.
Nowadays, many peoplefarming encounteredBecause the shrimp are stillborn, before stocking, you need to soak 1 hour with Bomaga 3 – 5ml for 100,000 – 500,000 shrimp. Doing this will help you prevent premature shrimp from dying or shrimp from floating on their heads or dying suddenly. Note that you should release shrimp at the windward endand choosecool weather to have a high survival rate for shrimp.
Management of shrimp ponds
The most important thing when managing a shrimp pond is that you need toMonitor water qualitybyPeriodically check shrimp farming water to ensure that shrimp are still healthy. If the water runs outyouMust supplement water at about 10 – 30%/day, always keep water clarity between 40 – 60cm and salinity around 10 – 25%.
Remember to always feed the shrimp at the correct dosage, avoid overeating and ensure the amount of food corresponds to each stage of shrimp farming.
The amount of food for shrimp must ensure the necessary and appropriate dosage
In the first month, you just spread food around the edge of the pond, feeding the shrimp about 3 times a day. On the first day, about 2kg of food should be spread for 100,000 breeders. For the next 20 days, add 0.5 kg for every 100,000 breeds every day. By the next month onwards, shrimp feed is about 5.8% of the volumeof shrimp bodyand reduced to 2.1 when the amount of white shrimp is more than 60 shrimpin1 kg. The number of feeding times for shrimp is 4 times a day and the food is spread evenly in the pond.
Detection of disease occurring in shrimp
Speaking ofWhiteleg shrimp farming techniques – renovating whiteleg shrimp pondsYou must know how to recognize sick shrimp to handle it promptly.
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In the first phase, you can monitor from the following departments:
- Body shell: If the shrimp has just been infected or is currently sick, the shell will turn darker or grayer than usual, the shell will no longer be shiny, will have worn, brittle marks, and foreign substances will be observed crusting into patches on the shell or body of the shrimp.
- Tail: when shrimp are sick, their tails will droop and no longer spread out like healthy shrimp. When you gently squeeze the corner of the shrimp’s tail, the tail will spread out a little.
- Shrimp intestines: Shrimp with mild disease will not eat as much as usual and if severely ill will stop eating. When you look at the intestines of diseased shrimp, you will see that the intestines are empty and there is no food.
Raising shrimp effectively requires you to know how to monitor and detect sick shrimp
- Shrimp gills: At this time, the shrimp will have an unusual color, the gills will turn yellow, orange, brown, red… the slightly brittle gills will rot and come out with a state of swelling.
- Swimming legs, cow legs and shrimp tails: check for tears, scratches or stains on those locations.
- Liver and spleen: you can see through the shrimp shell or you can open the shell to check if the color and size of the liver and spleen change. When sick, these parts of the shrimp often shrink and become darker in color than usual.
The above technique of raising white-legged shrimp – renovating white-legged shrimp ponds will help many shrimp farmers achieve the highest efficiency. To raise shrimp for high productivity, you need to learn carefully about these thingsfarming techniquesgives good yield. If you encounter many difficulties in raising white leg shrimp, please immediately contact the Biological Products Distribution Center at the linkhttps://chephamvisinh.vnfor consulting support and to learn moreAquaculture secretsSustainable and effective.
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